Review of models for predicting the cycling performance of lithium ion batteries

A rigorous pseudo two-dimensional model to simulate the cycling performance of a lithium ion cell is compared with two simplified models. The advantage of using simplified models is illustrated and their limitations are discussed. It is shown that for 1C or less discharge rates a simple ordinary differential equation (ODE) model can be used to predict accurately the potential as a function of time. For rates higher than 1C, simplifications to the rigorous model are suggested that reduce the solution time for the model. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.